Writing Research – Chicago

Chicago Manual of Style is often used in history courses or in those courses that often take a historical look at subject matter (art, philosophy, sociology, religion, etc.). 
 
Paper Format
Elements of a typical Chicago style paper:
            Title page
            Body of paper
            Bibliography
 
The body of a Chicago paper is double-spaced, 12-point font (Times New Roman is always a good choice). 
 
In-text Citations
In any research paper, you must indicate to your reader when you use the words or ideas of another author.  When you incorporate material from an outside source, you use a citation to show your reader that that information is from someone else.  In Chicago style, you do this with either footnotes or endnotes.  At the end of the sentence where the material is used, you will insert a superscript number.  That number will guide your reader either to the bottom of that page or to a page at the end of the paper where you will list the source of the material you used. 
 
The first time you use a particular source, your endnote or footnote will contain ALL the bibliographic information for that source – author’s full name, title of book or article, and publication information and year.  After that initial use, your note will only need the author’s last name and a page number.
 
NOTE:  The first time you include the bibliographic information in a footnote or endnote, be sure to follow the specific format.  It is NOT the same as the format used on the Bibliography page.
 
Examples
 
Link to sample paper
 
Bibliography
Every research paper must include a list of all the sources you used to create that paper.  In Chicago style, that list is called the Bibliography.  This list is at the end of the paper on a page by itself.  It has the word Bibliography centered at the top.  Sources are listed alphabetically by the first word in the entry.  You must follow the specific format for listing your sources. 
 
The basic format for your sources follows that of a book with a single author:
 
Last name, First name.  Title of Book.  City: Publisher, year. 
 
All other types of sources – journal articles, movies, newspaper articles – follow that basic format with modifications as needed. 
 
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